The traditional method of alchemy is divided into 5 stages:
STEP ONE
Nigredo —Blackening
The term “nigredo” comes from the Latin word for “black,” and its color is referring to the material color at this first stage of the process, which is often darkened.
The alchemist is observing or participating in the break down of the impurities that occur during Nigredo. This is the beginning of the distillation of raw materials.
This physical act represents the process of confronting one’s shadow self and the negative aspects of oneself.
This initial stage is one of dissolution and decay… confronting the raw, unrefined aspects of the self.
It’s a descent into darkness, a metaphorical death; old structures break down, making the route for the emergence of new beginnings.
Black —like fertile soil, chaotic, yet holds the potential for new growth.
STEP TWO
Albedo—Whitening
Albedo is the term used to describe the extent to which an object like a planet or moon reflects light.
Albedo emerges stark in contrast from the blackness of Nigredo.
A state of pristine whiteness, like the moon reflecting the sun’s light is found after Albedo.
Embodies clarity, a fresh perspective gained through the trials of the previous step. It’s a moment of reflection and the dawning of understanding.
STEP THREE
Citrinitas—Yellowing
The term “citrinitas” comes from the Latin word for “yellow,” and it refers to the color of the materials at this stage of the process, which is often yellow or orange.
At this stage, the alchemist is allowing the materials to be still… in Citrinita = self-growth + integration! 🍋✨ … think sitting water. Stagnation.
This yellowing is considered a bridge between Albedo and the final stage.
Citrinitas is associated with the rising sun, bringing with it warmth, light, and a sense of solar energy.
It represents the awakening of the intellect and intuition, a golden hue illuminating the path forward.
This stage signifies a growing awareness and the integration of newfound insights.
STEP FOUR
Rubedo—Reddening
The term “rubedo” comes from the Latin word for “red,” and its name refers to the color of the materials at this stage of the process, which is often red or reddish-gold.
A BLOODY MESS
In the Rubedo stage, the alchemist is completing the culmination of the alchemical process, its the stepping stone into the Philosopher’s Stone.
Rubedo also represents the perfect union of opposites, it is the merging of the spiritual and the material.
It is symbolized by the color red, signifying life, passion, and the ultimate realization of one’s true potential.
This stage embodies wholeness, completion, and the attainment of a higher state of being.
STEP FIVE
Lapis Philosophorum (Philosopher’s Stone)
The transcendent outcome, the perfected state.

Conclusion/ Overview
- Nigredo (Blackening): The descent into shadow, where the old dissolves.
- Albedo (Whitening): A purification, a dawning of clarity from the darkness.
- Citrinitas (Yellowing): The sun’s touch, bringing illumination and understanding.
- Rubedo (Reddening): The ultimate fusion, the attainment of wholeness.
- Lapis Philosophorum (Philosopher’s Stone): The transcendent outcome, the perfected state.
